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Fig.4.1. Pacing provides a simple yet useful way to make distance measurement

Depending on the skill and care applied, a pace distance can be determined
with a relative accuracy of between 1:50 and 1:200

USING THE MEASURING WHEEL
A simple measuring wheel mounted on a rod can be used to determine
distances, by pushing the rod and rolling the wheel along the line to be measured.
An attached device called an odometer serves to count the number of turns of the
wheels. From the known circumference of the wheel and the number of
revolutions, distances for reconnaissance can be determined with relative accuracy
of about 1:200. This device is particularly useful for rough measurement of
distance along curved lines.
Distance= Odometer Reading X Circumference of the Wheel (ΠD)
Where D is the diameter of the measuring wheel

Fig.4.2. A typical measuring wheel used for making rough distance measurements

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