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Fig.4.11 Slope taping: (the tape is fully supported on the ground. The effects of short gaps,
as shown, are negligible)
If angle A is determined, the horizontal distance between point A and B can be
computed from the relation:
H  S cos A

Where: H – is the horizontal distance between points; S – the slope length
separating the two points; A – The vertical angle from the horizontal.
If the difference in elevation between the ends of the tape is measured, which
is done by leveling, the horizontal distance can be computed using the following
expression

2
2
H  S  h
4.3.5. Identifying Stations
A zero position is usually established at the beginning of the survey or at the
beginning of the line to be marked out. This zero point is identified as 0+00. Each
point located at the intervals of exactly 100 m from the beginning point is called a
full station and is identified as follows: a point 100 m from 0+00 is labeled station
1+00, a point 200 m from the zero point is station 2+00, and so on.
Points located between the full stations are identified as follows: a point 350 m
from the zero point is called 3+50, and a point 475 m from zero is called 4+75. At
a distance of 462.78 m from the zero, the station called 4+62.78. The +50, +75,
+62.78 are called pluses.

4.3.6. Taping Mistakes and Errors
As in any kind of surveying operation, taping blunders must be eliminated, and
tapping errors, both random and systematic, must be minimized to achieve accurate
results.
Example of TAPING MISTAKES AND BLUNDERS:
 Misreading the tape, particularly reading a 6 for a 9.
 Misrecording the reading, particularly by transposing digits.
 Mistaking the end point of the tape.
 Miscounting full tape length, particularly when long distances are taped.
 Mistaking station markers.

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