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Exercise

1. Define the term blunder and error.
2. Write the difference between blunder and error.
3. What are the basic difference between systematic error and an accidental
error?
4. Indicate the type of error or mistake- the following would cause as A
(Accidental), S (Systematic) or B (Blunder):
a) Swinging plumb bob while taping
b) Using a repaired tape
c) Aiming the theodolite at the wrong point
d) Recopying field data
e) Reading a 9 to a 6
f) Surveying with a level that is not leveled
g) Having too long a sight distance between the level and the level rod
5. Convert the following angles to decimal degree form:
0
a) 35 20’(use two decimal places)
0
b) 129 35’15”(use four decimal places)
6. Convert the following angles to degree, minutes, and seconds:
0
a) 45.75 (to the nearest minute)
0
b) 123.1234 (to the nearest second)
0
0
0
7. What is the sum of 45 35’45” and 65 50’22”? Subtract 45 52’35” from
0
107 32’00”.
8. With reference to the above problem, what would the maximum anticipated
error be for a survey that was three times as long, if the same precision was used?
9. A group of surveying students measure a distance twice, obtaining 67.455
and 67.350 m. What is the relative accuracy of the measurements?

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