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Consider the equilibrium of a beam element that is selected by
two infinitely close shear 1 1 , 2 2 and longitudinal 3 3
sections that are conducted through a given point A (fig. 6.9). It is
influenced by normal N and N , tangential forces T (fig. 6.10).
1 2

Figure 6.9

Figure 6.10

The equilibrium equation has the form:

 X  N  N  T  0. (6.13)
2
1
Express the forces through stresses:
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