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and back to the surface. This fluid pick up the cuttings as the bit make
them and carrie them to the surface where they are disposed of. The
pump then move the clean mud back down the hole.

Translation Section
9 Translate the following sentences from English into Ukrainian.

1 Not counting picks and shovels, two drilling techniques have been
available since people firs began making holes in the ground:
cable-tool drilling and rotary drilling.
2 Over 2,000 years ago, for instance, the Chinese drilled wells with
primitive yet efficient cable-tool rings.
3 The walking beam was a wooden bar that rocked up and down on
a central pivot, much like a seesaw.
4 Cable-tool drilling worked very well in the hard-rock formations
such as those in eastern U.S., the Midwest, and California.
5 Bailing cuttings was not a big hindrance, however, because the
cable-tool system allowed the crew to do it quickly.
6 A far bigger problem than bailing, and the one that led to cable-
tool drilling’s demice, was that the cable-tool techniques didn’t
work in soft formations like clay or loose sand.
7 Others rotate the bit with a top drive, a device with a powerful
built-in electric motor that turns the pipe and bit.
8 Rotary rig owners often use downhole motors where they have to
rotate the bit without rotating the entire string of pipe.
9 Regardless of the system used to rotate the bit, the driller, the
person operating the rig, allows some of the weight of the pipe to
press down on the bit.
10 As mentioned earlier, crew members attach a rotary bit to hollow
pipe, instead of to braided cable.
10 Translate the following sentences from Ukrainian into English.
1 Отже, труби – це трубопровід: потужна труба на поверхні, яка

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