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runs through Greenwich, England, is considered the official prime
meridian.
The Equator is an imaginary circle equidistant from the poles of
the Earth. For precision purposes, degrees of longitude and latitude

have been divided into minutes (') and seconds ("). There are 60
minutes in each degree. Each minute is divided into 60 seconds.
Seconds can be further divided into tenths, hundredths, or even

thousandths.

Task 3. Answer the questions, using the active vocabulary.
1. What does most of the Earth surface consist of?

2. What is the Earth’s outer layer formed of?
3. How are two measures used in the geographic coordinate
system called? What is the difference between them?

4. How are the lines of latitude and longitude called?
5. What do you know about the Prime Meridian?
6. What is the Equator?

Task 4. Define whether the following statements are true or
false. Correct the false ones according to the text.

1. Most of the Earth surface, about 70%, is covered with land.

2. The Earth’s surface layer is made of rock.
3. The Earth’s surface is very large and diverse.
4. Relief and meridians form the system of geographical

coordinates.
5. Latitude is shown as a vertical line.
6. Latitude measures the north-south position of locations on the

Earth’s surface relative to a point found at the center of the Earth.
7. Longitude is shown as a vertical line.
8. The prime meridian is not arbitrary, meaning it could not be
chosen to be anywhere.

9. Each minute is divided into 60 hours.

Digital Terrain Model

Task 1. Read and memorize the following words and word-

combinations:

Digital Terrain Model (DTM) – цифрова модель місцевості;
terrain relief – рельєф землі;

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