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 the equipment you have available;
 the type of terrain on which you are measuring.
Each of the various methods is fully explained and illustrated in
the table.

1 2
Section Method Accuracy Remarks Equipment
Quick and rough
Clinometer estimate for rather
Home-made
4.1*,4.2* models 1 & Low steep slopes.
clinometer.
2 Hand-held

instrument.

To be fixed in
Clinometer Low to ground. Home-made
4.3*
model 3 medium Direct reading in clinometer.
percent.

To be fixed in
Clinometer, Low to ground. Small, easy Home-made
4.4*
model 4 medium to make direct clinometer.

reading in percent.
Quick and rough
Low
estimate. Lyra
4.5** Clisimeter (about 10
Direct reading in clisimeter.
percent)
percent.

Quick, rather good
Optical Medium estimate. Optical
4.6**
clinometer to high Direct reading in Clinometer.
degrees and percent.

Requires distance

Miscella- measurement.
neous Medium Best estimates for
4.7*** Various.
levelling to high small gradients,
devices especially with best
levels.
1
*Simple **more difficult ***most difficult.

Task 2. Put up 5 different types of questions to the text.

186