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– liquid;
– mix of alkanes (10 to 18 carbons) and aromatics;
– boiling range = 350 to 617 degrees Fahrenheit / 175 to 325
degrees Celsius;
Gas oil or Diesel distillate – used for diesel fuel and heating
oil; starting material for making other products
– liquid;
– alkanes containing 12 or more carbon atoms;
– boiling range = 482 to 662 degrees Fahrenheit / 250 to 350
degrees Celsius;
Lubricating oil – used for motor oil, grease, other lubricants
– liquid;
– long chain (20 to 50 carbon atoms) alkanes, cycloalkanes,
aromatics;
– boiling range = 572 to 700 degrees Fahrenheit / 300 to 370
degrees Celsius;
Heavy gas or Fuel oil – used for industrial fuel; starting
material for making other products
– liquid;
– long chain (20 to 70 carbon atoms) alkanes, cycloalkanes,
aromatics;
– boiling range = 700 to 1112 degrees Fahrenheit / 370 to
600 degrees Celsius;
Residuals – coke, asphalt, tar, waxes; starting material for
making other products
– solid;
– multiple-ringed compounds with 70 or more carbon atoms;
– boiling range = greater than 1112 degrees Fahrenheit / 600
degrees Celsius.
You may have noticed that all of these products have
different sizes and boiling ranges. Chemists take advantage of
these properties when refining oil. Look at the next section to find
out the details of this fascinating process.

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