Page 48 - 4571

Grammar focus
The Continuous tenses
Task 1. Read the following sentences, translate them into Ukrainian. Pay
attention to the forms of the verbs in the Present, Past and Future Continuous
tenses.
1. At other locations plates carrying continental crust are moving toward each other.
2. While Earth’s internal heat engine is operating, the positions and shapes of the
continents and ocean basins will change and Earth will remain a dynamic planet.
3. Fortunately, for students who are beginning to study minerals, no more than a
few dozen are abundant!
4. Those clay minerals were absorbing large amounts of water, which allowed them
to swell to several times their normal size.
5. In fact, practically every manufactured product will be containing materials
obtained from minerals in the nearest future.
6. The deposit was containing the average percentage of a valuable element such as
gold.

Task 2. Put up alternative and disjunctive questions to the following
sentences according to the model. Translate the given sentences.
Model: Many of the volcanic structures of andesitic composition are occupying
the continental margins that surround the Pacific Ocean.
Alternative question: Are many of the volcanic structures of dioritic or andesitic
composition are occupying the continental margins that surround the Pacific Ocean?
Disjunctive question: Many of the volcanic structures of andesitic composition
are occupying the continental margins that surround the Pacific Ocean, aren’t they?
1. During solidification, liquids plus various metallic ions were accumulating near
the top of the magma chamber.
2. The environmental impact of these large excavations, including the problems of
waste disposal, is being significant now.
3. The accompanying mudflows are carrying ash, trees, and water-saturated rock
debris 29 kilometres down the river.
4. The force of the blast is so strong that some ash will be propelling more than
18,000 meters into the stratosphere.
5. Some volcanoes, such as Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano, were generating relatively
quiet outpourings of fluid lavas at that time.
6. The injection of a fresh supply of melt will be causing the magma chamber to
swell and fracture the rock above.

Discussion

Task 1. Read and memorize the following words:
random - випадковий comprise – включати, містити в собі
rift – рифт; розлом земної кори crest - вершина
dot – укривати, цяткувати interior – внутрішня частина
awe-inspiring – той, що лякає, вселяє roughly - приблизно
жах
temporarily – на деякий час, тимчасово bulbous - цибулиноподібний
respond – реагувати, робити щось у overburden – покривна порода
відповідь
mantle derived – той, що утворився pull apart – розвалитись, розламатись
(походить) з мантії
notable – визначний, вартий уваги subduct - рухатися, підсуватися (під

47