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Task 4. Answer the following questions, using the vocabulary from Task 1.
1. What is Earth’s surface divide into?
2. What is a significant difference between continents and the ocean basins?
3. What can the continents be grouped into?
4. Where are the youngest mountains located?
5. Where are the older mountains found?
6. Are the interiors of the continents relatively stable?
7. What are shields?
8. What areas are called stable platforms?

Task 5. Complete the following sentences from the text in Task 3.
1. When the youngest mountains are considered we find that they are located
principally in … major zones.
2. Island arcs are … … regions composed largely of volcanic rocks and deformed
sedimentary rocks.
3. The young mountain belts have formed within the last … years.
4. … are expansive, flat regions composed of deformed crystalline rock.
5. … in stable platforms are nearly horizontal except where they have been warped to
form large basins or domes.

Task 6. Find English equivalents for the following (see the text).
Два основних види поділу земної поверхні; вагома різниця; середня висота
над рівнем моря; активні гірські регіони; простягатися на схід; поглибитися на
південь; знайти на материках; відносно сталий (спокійний); древня гірська
система; вкритий відносно тонким поверхневим шаром осадових відкладень;
нерухомі платформи.

Task 7. Give a short summary of the text from Task 3.

Grammar focus

The Adverb in English
Task 1. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian paying special attention to
the underlined adverbs.
1. Deeply buried “wet” rock has a much lower melting temperature than “dry” rock
of the same composition.
2. Volatiles (principally water) can lower the melting temperature of hot mantle rock
sufficiently to generate magma.
3. The mineral makeup of diorite is primarily sodium-rich plagioclase feldspar and
amphibole.
4. The terms tuff and volcanic breccia are frequently used with a modifier, as, for
example, rhyolite tuff.
5. Pyroclastic rocks composed mainly of particles larger than ash are called volcanic
breccia.
6. The classification of igneous rocks is based largely on two criteria.
7. Workers in underground mines know that temperatures get higher as they go
deeper.
8. Although the rate of temperature change varies considerably from place to place, it
averages about 25 °C per kilometre in the upper crust.
9. During the crystallization process, the composition of the remaining liquid portion
of the magma also continually changes.

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