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Geologists work in a variety of settings. These include: natural resource
companies, environmental consulting companies, government agencies, non-profit
organizations, and universities. Many geologists do field work at least part of the time.
Others spend their time in laboratories, classrooms or offices. All geologists prepare
reports, do calculations and use computers.
Although a bachelor's degree is required for entry level employment,
many geologists earn master's and/or doctorate degrees. The advanced degrees provide
a higher level of training, often in a geology specialty area such as paleontology,
mineralogy, hydrology or volcanology. Advanced degrees will often qualify the
geologist for supervisory positions, research assignments or teaching positions at the
university level.

Task 2. Talk about main functions of geologists. Why did you make up your
mind to become a geologist?

Test yourself

Task: Tell whether the sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.
1. The three principal divisions of Earth’s surface are the continents, the mountains
and the ocean basins.
2. The continents are remarkably mountainous features.
3. The features of continents can be extensive, flat stable areas as well as uplifted
regions of deformed rocks.
4. The youngest mountains are located principally in two major zones: in the
circum-Pacific belt and in the belt which extends eastward from the Alps through
Iran and the Himalayas and then dips southward into Indonesia.
5. Older mountains are also found in Russia.
6. Within the stable interiors are areas known as mountain belts.
7. Stable platforms exist in which highly deformed rocks, like those found in the
shields, are covered by a relatively thin veneer of sedimentary rocks.
8. The continental margin may include the continental shelf, the continental slope,
and the continental rise.
9. Between the continental margins and oceanic ridges lie the deep-ocean basins.
Parts of the deep-ocean basins consist of incredibly flat features called the
continental shelf.
10. The most prominent feature on the ocean floor is the oceanic or mid-ocean
ridge.
UNIT 4
MAGMA
Part 1

Task 1. Read and memorize the following words:
convective upwelling - конвекційний subduction - субдукція, підсування
апвелінг (підйом глибинних вод на (однієї тектонічної плити під іншу)
поверхню)
accompany by - супроводжуватись ascend - підніматися; досягати
magnify - збільшуватись confining - обмежуючий;
обмежувальний
increase - збільшення curve - гнутися, згинатися, вигинатися
seafloor –ложе моря або океану descend into – переходити у
content - вміст exist - існувати

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