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CHAPTER I. THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF UKRAINE.

THEME 1. The ancient history of Ukraine.

1. Primitive society
Scholars conventionally divide the ancient history of mankind in to
two large periods depending on the material mainly used to make
instruments of labour:
І – the Stone Age (which is by-turn divided into paleolith, mesolith,
the late Stone Age);
ІІ – the Metal Age (Chalcolithic period, the Bronze Age, the Iron
Age).
Each of these periods and subperiods conform to certain changes in
activities and mode of life, social structure and spiritual culture.

1 mln. years Paleolith (originating from Greek words
ago “palayos” – ancient and “lythos” – stone) is
the old Stone Age. It is divided into the early
(~up to 150-100 thous.), the middle (~up to
40-35 thous. years.) and the late (~up to 10
thous.) periods.
1 mln. – 150 The Early Paleolith. The ancient man on the
thous. B.C. territory of the modern Ukraine is represented
by Archanthropus (the ancient man) or
Pithecanthropus. Despite the fact that the
remains of bones of this man were not found
in Ukraine, the site (dating back to ~ 1 mln.
Years B.C.) near Koroleve village,
Vynohradiv district, Transcarpathian region
excavated by archaeologists, revealed a
considerable number of stone instruments of
labour including chippers, stickles, etc. It is
considered to be the most ancient evidence of

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