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Pitch Ascending tone on the Inclination (slow rise on
stressed syllable the group of words)

Loudness High intensity on the Loud pronunciation of the

stressed syllable whole intonation group
Tempo Length of stressed vowel Slow tempo of the

intonation group

Tones are divided into two classes: static and kinetic. Static
are level tones, their number corresponds to the number of pitch

levels. Kinetic tones are classified according to the following

criteria:
a) the direction of the pitch change;

b) the interval of the pitch change;

c) the relative position of the pitch change within the
speaker’s voice range.

According to Roger Kingdon [1958] the most important
nuclear tones in English are:

The Low Fall – the voice falls from a medium to a very low
pitch.

The Low Rise – the voice rises from a low to a medium

pitch.
The High Fall – the voice falls from a high to a very low

pitch.
The High Rise – the voice rises from a medium to a high

pitch.
The Fall-Rise – the voice first falls from a fairly high to a

rather low pitch and then rises to a medium pitch.

The Rise-Fall – the voice first rises from a medium to a
high pitch and then falls to a very low pitch.

Low Fall \No
Low Rise /No

High Fall \No
High Rise /No

Fall-Rise \/No

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