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5. Memorize these definitions.
6. Test your knowledge.
7. Complete Individual Practical Task.
8. Write the report.
Theory
13.1 A general notion of prosody
In linguistics, prosody (pronouncedn /'prɒsədi) is the
rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech. Prosody may reflect
various features of the speaker or the utterance: the emotional
state of the speaker; the form of the utterance (statement, question,
or command); the presence of irony or sarcasm; emphasis,
contrast, and focus; or other elements of language that may not be
encoded by grammar or choice of vocabulary.
13.2 Intonation as a complex unity of prosodic features
Alongside of the term "intonation" the term "prosody" is
widely used. "Prosody" and "prosodic" denote non-segmental
phenomena, i.e. those which do not enter into the system of
segmental phonemes. D. Crystal defines prosodic features as
"vocal effects constituted by variations along the parameters of
pitch, loudness, duration and silence".
From the definition of prosody and intonation we can
clearly see that both the notions include essentially the same
phenomena. But the terms "intonation" and "prosody" are used
differently by different linguists.
The notion of prosody, consequently, is broader than the
notion of intonation as it can be applied to the utterance, the
word, the syllable, whereas prosody of the utterance and
intonation are equivalent notions.
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