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world with the life experience of people. In different age periods, for
various thinkers as well as during one epoch the subject of philosophy,
its specificity has been changing. However, usually the subject of

philosophical reflection has always been the natural, social world and
most people in their difficult relationship.

Lecture 2. The role of philosophy in modern world

1. Philosophy as outlook (ideology) and methodology.
2. Nature of philosophical knowledge.

3. Functions of philosophy in the society.

Philosophy as a worldview is formed basically out of rational
explanation of the world and a human being, based on laws, categories,

concepts, the scientific achievements, using the rationalization,
evidences. Feature of philosophy as a worldview is that it develops the
foundations of general world. The issue of recognition of the world,

ways, means and forms of knowledge and influence on the reality of
truth and its criteria, the laws, forms, logical thinking - reveals
philosophy as methodology.

It is important that the philosophy is designated to provide answers
to common questions. Two fundamental aspects of philosophical
knowledge stand in the foreground: ontology (science of being) and

epistemology (science of cognition). Note categorical nature (from
Greek category is the most general concept that reflects the basic
properties and regularities of the objective world) which has
philosophical language.

Universality and generality is the brightest feature of philosophical
science, and two sides of the main questions of philosophy reveal its
nature and meaning. The basic question of philosophy is finding out

more information about the relationship between human consciousness
and the external material world, between thinking and being: 1) what is
primary, what did emerge before and is nominating - nature or spirit,
consciousness or matter, thinking or being, etc. 2) how is our mind

related to the outside world? Is a human being capable of understanding
the world and how? In such a way philosophical approaches are divided
into: materialistic and idealistic.

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