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second of the main clock of the CPU. However, this metric is
somewhat misleading, as a machine with a higher clock rate may not
necessarily have higher performance. As a result manufacturers have
moved away from clock speed as a measure of performance.
Other factors influence speed, such as the mix of functional
units, bus speeds, available memory, and the type and order of
instructions in the programs being run.
In a typical home computer, the simplest, most reliable way to
speed performance is usually to add random access memory (RAM).
More RAM increases the likelihood that needed data or a program is
in RAM—so the system is less likely to need to move memory data
from the disk. The disk is often ten thousand times slower than RAM
because it has mechanical parts that must move to access its data.
There are two main types of speed, latency and throughput.
Latency is the time between the start of a process and its completion.
Throughput is the amount of work done per unit time. Interrupt
latency is the guaranteed maximum response time of the system to an
electronic event (e.g. when the disk drive finishes moving some
data).

Task 3. Do you remember the English equivalents of the
following words and word combinations?
Ефективність, придатне вимірювання, центральний процесор з
багатоядерною та векторною обробкою даних, обманливий,
відходити, тактова частота, імовірність, час очікування,
пропускна здатність, затримка обробки переривання.

Task 4. Answer the following questions?
1. How is the efficiency of computer architecture measured now?
2. What was the efficiency of the first computers?
3. What is a machine language instruction?
4. What other factors measure computer speed?
5. What are two main types of speed?

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