Page 79 - The phenomenal demographic and technological changes in the 21st century

8. Gasoline containing hydrocarbons with boiling points (температура кипіння)
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varying from 30 C to 215 C is called straight-run gasoline.

TEXT A

GASOLINES

Gasolines are fuels used for internal-combustion piston engines having a

spark-plug ignition. Gasoline is used in passenger cars, lorries, armoured personnel

carriers, some types of aircraft and helicopters.

Gasoline is a product of oil refining. It is obtained by catalytic cracking,

catalytic reforming and straight-run distillation of petroleum.

Pure gasoline is a combustible liquid, colourless or light yellow. Gasoline

containing ethyl liquid may be orange-red, blue-green, etc. Nowadays the

production of ethyl liquid containing gasolines is prohibited in Ukraine/ Gasoline

has a sharp specific odour and is practically insoluble in water. The density of

gasoline varies from 0,7 to 0,78. Gasoline contains 86% of carbon, 14% of

hydrogen and also oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, etc. in insignificant quantities.

Taking into consideration a great variety of engines and conditions of their

application two kinds of gasoline - aviation and automobile gasolines are

produced. Each kind of gasoline is divided into several grades.

Aviation gasoline consists of reference gasoline, high-octane components,

antiknock components and additives stabilizing the antiknock component solution

in gasoline.

Nowadays the following aviation gasoline grades are produced: Б-95/130,

Б-95/115. Aviation gasolines are used for aviation piston engines having the

compression ratio 6-7.

Automobile gasoline is the most commercial fuel. At present our oil industry

produces the following gasoline grades: A-76, А-80, А-92, А-95, А-98. The letter

«A» and figures characterizing the gasoline octane number mark automobile

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