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Given the position of the scientist A.A. Leontiev, who claims, criticizing the
"individual-psychic" approach to speech : «Such an approach could be abandoned
only if we offer a different idea of the communication process, which is more in
line with our current knowledge of nature and the concrete facts of the speech
process. Such idea is the "active" representation of global "speech" as a kind of
activity, or rather, speech activity. » From this point of view, the chain that we
considered, should be complemented by another important link that corresponds to
speech activity – those difficult linguistic and psychic mechanisms that govern
individual intellectual-speech acts.
It should be noted that this chain can be viewed in one direction (from the
language and consciousness - through the middle links - to the text) for only to
explain the emergence of a particular text. In this case, the language is somewhat
primary, something that precedes a thinking and a speech, and hence text.
Thus, it is important to consider the semantic properties of the message not
apart, but in a close connection with those real psychological and speech
mechanisms that accompany the creation and social functioning of texts. The
message goes to the editor and further to the links of mass information processes -
this is a complex synthesis, where the "logical" never exists in its pure form and
therefore constantly needs correction.
In terms of logic, the text represents a system of statements that must meet
the requirements of truth and correctness. The concept of truth characterizes
primarily judgments and thoughts, and the concept of correctness - the relationship
between thoughts in the form of reasoning. The reasoning is a comparison of
thoughts, linking them for appropriate conclusions.
The correct reasoning is the reasoning, in which some thoughts
(conclusions) necessarily follow from other thoughts. The typical text is usually
composed of three parts: the introduction (the section where the thesis is
formulated), the main part (the section where the arguments are given) and the
results ( the section where the conclusions are given). As we see, the text has a
logical inference structure. It means that he must obey logical laws and rules. To