Page 58 - 6807

neologisms, e.g. the word «umbrella» developed the meanings:
«авіаційне прикриття», політичне прикриття. A new lexical
unit can develop in the language to denote an object or
phenomenon which already has some lexical unit to denote it. In
such cases we have transnomination, e.g. the word «slum» was
first substituted by the word «ghetto» then by the word-group
«inner town». A new lexical unit can be introduced to denote a
new object or phenomenon. In this case we have «a proper
neologism», many of them are cases of new terminology. Quite a
number of neologisms appear on the analogy with lexical units
existing in the language, e.g. snowmobile /automobile/,
danceaholic /alcoholic/, airtel /hotel/, cheeseburger /hamburger/,
autocade / cavalcade/.
Hundreds of thousands of words belong to special scientific,
professional or trade tcrminological systems and are not used or
even understood by people outside the particular speciality. Every
field of modem activity has its specialised vocabulary.

3. Basic vocabulary
Basic vocabulary are stylistically neutral, and, in this
respect, opposed to formal and informal words described above.
Their stylistic neutrality makes it possible to use them in all kinds
of situations, both formal and informal, in verbal and written
communication. Certain of stylistically marked vocabulary strata
are, in a way, exclusive: professional terminology is used mostly
by representatives of the professions; dialects are regional; slang is
favoured mostly by the young and the uneducated. Not so basic
vocabulary. These words are used every day, everywhere and by
everybody, regardless of profession, occupation, educational level,
age group or geographical location. These arc words without
which no human communication would be possible as they denote
objects and phenomena of everyday importance e.g. house, bread,
summer, winter, child, mother, green, difficult, to go, to stand, etc
The basic vocabulary is the central group of the vocabulary, its

58