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7. Skalska D.M. Philosophy: lectures. – Ivano-Frankivsk: IFNTUOG. – 2013. –
52 p.
8. Will Buckingham. The philosophy book. Big ideas simply explained. –
Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2011.– 354 p. Access mode: http://gimnazija-osma-

tbrezovackog-zg.skole.hr/upload/gimnazija-osma-tbrezovackog-
zg/newsattach/872/The_Philosophy_Book_(gnv64).pdf

Seminar № 4 Early modern philosophy
1. Philosophy of Modern times and its features. The scientific revolution of the

XVIII century and the problem of the method of cognition.
2. Empiricism of Francis Bacon. Doctrine of idols.
3. Rationalism of Rene Descartes.

4. The philosophy of the Enlightenment. French materialism of the XVIII
century.
Key concepts: Mechanism, Deism, Rationalism, Empiricism, Idealism,
Materialism.

Basic concepts

Mechanism – belief that science can explain all natural phenomena in terms of
the causal interactions among material particles, without any reference to intelligent
agency or purpose. Man a Machine is main thesis of Mechanism, is a work of
materialist philosophy by the 18th-century French physician and philosopher Julien

Offray de La Mettrie.
Deism – belief in God who created the world, but he does not interfere in the
course of its development. God is an observer. He over the world. (God as a

watchmaker. Created a mechanical clock world, launched its laws and rules
development. Task man has to know it all)
Rationalism - reliance on reason as the only reliable source of human

knowledge.
Empiricism - reliance on experience as the source of ideas and knowledge.
More specifically, empiricism is the epistemological theory that genuine information

about the world must be acquired by a posteriori means, so that nothing can be
thought without first being sensed.
Idealism - belief that only mental entities are real, so that physical things exist
only in the sense that they are perceived. Idealism – any doctrine holding that reality

is fundamentally mental in nature.

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