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Constant and literals

Constants refer to fixed values that the program may not alter during its execution. These
fixed values are also called literals.
Constants can be of any of the basic data types like an integer constant, a floating
constant, a character constant, or a string literal. There are enumeration constants as well.
Constants are treated just like regular variables except that their values cannot be
modified after their definition.

Integer Literals
An integer literal can be a decimal, octal, or hexadecimal constant. A prefix specifies the
base or radix: 0x or 0X for hexadecimal, 0 for octal, and nothing for decimal.
An integer literal can also have a suffix that is a combination of U and L, for unsigned and
long, respectively. The suffix can be uppercase or lowercase and can be in any order.
Here are some examples of integer literals:

212 /* Legal */

215u /* Legal */
0xFeeL /* Legal */
078 /* Illegal: 8 is not an octal digit */

032UU /* Illegal: cannot repeat a suffix */

Following are other examples of various types of integer literals:
85 /* decimal */

0213 /* octal */
0x4b /* hexadecimal */

30 /* int */
30u /* unsigned int */

30l /* long */
30ul /* unsigned long */

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