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Salts are compounds containing metal cations or NH 4 and anionic acid
residues.

In addition to metal cations Salts may also include Hydrogen-ions, or, in

addition to the anions of acid, - hydroxyl-ions. According to this, all the salts can

be divided into three groups: neutral, acid, and alkali.

Neutral salts are products of the complete replacement of Hydrogen with metal

acid or the complete neutralization of the metal hydroxide by an acid:

Fe + H 2SO 4 = FeSO 4 + H 2,

Ba(OH) 2 + 2HNO 3 = Ba(NO 3) 2 + 2H 2O.

Nomenclature of neutral salts

For example:

Na 2S - sodium sulfide,

Na 2SO 4- sodium sulfate,

Al(NO 3) 3 - aluminum nitrate,

Ca 3(РО 4) 2 - calcium orthophosphate,

Са(РО 3) 2 - calcium metaphosphate,

FeSO 4- ferrum (II) sulfate,

Fe 2(SO 4) 3 - ferrum (III) sulfate.

The names of neautral salts consist of two words in the nominal case, the

first of which is the name of the cation, and the second is the name of the

anion

Acid salts are products of incomplete substitution of Hydrogen of the

polysorbic acid for a metal, incomplete neutralization of the acid by a metal

hydroxides, or the interaction of the neutral salt with acid:

Zn + 2H 2SO 4 = Zn(HSO 4) 2 + H 2,

NaOH + H 3PO 4 = NaH 2PO 4 + H 2O,

K 2SO 4 + H 2SO 4 = 2KHSO 4.

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