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agency of the UN set up in 1945 to promote the exchange of information, ideas and culture. Its headquarters
are in Paris.
International Court of Justice, principal judicial organ of the United Nations, established by chapter 14
of the UN Charter. It superseded the Permanent Court of International Justice, and its statute for the most
part repeats that of the former tribunal. The court consists of 15 judges appointed for a 9 year term chosen by
the General Assembly and the Security Council, voting independently, from a list of candidates nominated
by government-appointed national groups of international-law experts. No two judges may be from the same
country. Nine judges constitute a quorum, and questions are decided by a majority of the judges present. The
permanent seat of the court is at The Hague, the Netherlands, but it may hold hearings elsewhere. All
members of the United Nations are ipso facto members of the court; other states may adhere to the statute. If
a member of the United Nations fails to comply with a judgment of the court, an appeal for assistance may
be made to the Security Council. The court may render judgment in certain disputes between states, and with
the authorization of the General Assembly, it may deliver advisory opinions to any organ of the United
Nations and its agencies.
A dispute may be brought before the court by consent of the parties in the particular case or by virtue
of an advance formal declaration of acceptance of the court's jurisdiction. States making such declarations,
however, sometimes impose restrictive conditions on their acceptance. The United States excludes all
disputes concerning domestic matters from the court's jurisdiction, reserving the right to determine what it
regards as domestic. The court's competence between states is limited to disputes concerning the
interpretation of treaties, questions of international law, breaches of international obligation, and reparations
due. Concern has been expressed at the small number of cases nations have submitted to it. Major opinions
of the court have ruled that the General Assembly may not admit a state to the United Nations if the
application is vetoed by one of the permanent members of the Security Council; that the United Nations is to
be considered as an international legal person; that special United Nations assessments, such as those for the
Congo and Middle East operations, are regular expenses of the United Nations and are binding on all
members; and that South Africa must withdraw from Namibia (accomplished with Namibia's independence
in 1990).
The International Law Commission was established in 1947. It has prepared drafts on numbers of
topics of International Law.
By its nature International Law is a common concern of all states, a product of legal culture, thought
and experience of different societies.
International Law consists of rules which govern the relations and dealings of nations with each other.
It can refer to public international law, private international law, private international law or conflict of laws
and the law of supranational organizations. International law includes the basic, classic concepts of law in
national legal systems - status, property, obligation and tort (or delict). It also includes substantive law,
procedure, process and remedies.
International Law is still young. Until the XlX-th century it was essentially a European and largely a
West European phenomenon
(development). It is partly customary and partly conventional.
Customary law reflects a consensus among nations. Conventional law is the part of International Law
which is established by conventions or treaties.

Task 3. Answer the following questions.
1. When was the UNO set up?
2. What countries does it include?
3. What is the chief deliberative body?
4. The Security Council bears the primary responsibility for the maintenance of peace and security, doesn’t
it?
5. What are the principal organs of the UNO?
6. Where is the UNESCO located?
7. Speak on the tasks of the ICJ.
8. Dwell on the composition of the ICJ.
9. What parts does the International Law consist of?
10. What does it include?
11. When did it come into being?

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