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(відхилити) it. No (монархи) since the 16 century have signed Bills
themselves.
There are now two ways in which the Queen can assent to a Bill.
Usually she signs what are known as Letters Patent, which allow the two
Houses (спікер палати лордів) and (лорд-канцлер) to announce that the
Queen has given her (санкції). The other method of giving the Royal
Assent occurs about once a year.
The Queen signs a document known as a Commission, which
commands certain (лорди), known as Royal Commissioners, to go to the
House of Lords and let (члени) of both Houses know the Royal Assent
has been given. The ceremony for Royal Assent by Commission is rather
like the State Opening Ceremony. Once a Bill has received the Royal
Assent it becomes an (закон парламенту). A Bill usually takes several
months to complete all its stages in (парламент).

Task 8. Give synonyms to the words in bold type.
Making New Laws: Bills and Acts
As the main function of the Parliament is to make laws every year
Parliament passes about a hundred laws directly, by making Acts of
Parliament.
There are two main types of Bills - Public Bills which deal with
matters of public importance and Private Bills which deal with local
matters and individuals.
No new law can be passed unless it has completed a number of
stages in the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
In each house a bill is considered in three stages, called readings.
The First Reading is purely formal, to introduce the bill. It is then printed
and read a second time. The Second Reading is a discussion of the general
principles of the bill, with a vote at the end of the discussion. If the bill
passes its Second Reading it is considered word by word ‘in a committee’.
The bill as altered by the committee is then brought before the whole
House again for its Third Reading. In this debate matters of principle and
detail may be discussed and voted on. At the end of the Third Reading a
final vote is taken.
If the majority of the members vote in favour, the bill has then
passed all its stages. Unless it is a money bill, it must then go through all
these stages again in the House of Lords. If the Lords rejects the bill that

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