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Task 10. Topics for discussion.
1. Parliamentary bicameralism.
2. Unicameral legislatures.
3. The President’s legislative powers.
4. How bills go through English Parliament
5. How laws are made in Ukraine.
6. Majority and minority parties

Supplementary Reading

Task 1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.
Making New Laws: Bills and Acts
In Great Britain laws are made in Parliament at Westminster.
In the UK there are five types of legislation considered by Parliament.
These are:
- Government Bills
- Private Members’ Bill
- Private Bills - Hybrid Bills
- Statutory Instruments
Government Bills embody government policy and a Minister
introduces them. The bulk of Parliament’s time is taken up with these
types of bills. As the current government has such a large parliamentary
majority, it is almost certain that all Government Bills will be passed into
law (though some may be amended along the way).
Individual MP’s from any political party (or a peer) can introduce a
Private Members Bill. These rarely have any chance of becoming law as
too much of Parliament’s time is taken up with Government bills. As a
result of this, Parliament gets little chance to discuss Private Members
Bills, let alone vote on them.
Private Bills are promoted by organisations that want specific
powers. This type of bill is introduced following a petition to Parliament
by the organisation that wants that bill to become law. These usually
suffer the same fate as Private Members Bills – timed out as a result of
Parliament concentrating on government bills.
Hybrid Bills are very rare. The government or backbenchers
introduce them. They are a mixture of private and public bills and come
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