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1. What are the two major branches of Indo-European?

2. What are English’s closest relatives on the West branch of
the Germanic language family?

3. Why is Gothic’s position in the East branch of the
Germanic language family significant?

4. How did the Old English language arrive in England?

5. Why do linguists think so few Celtic words entered into
English?

6. Why were Scandinavian languages so influential in Old

English?

Suggested Reading

1. Аракин В. Д. История английского языка: Уч.
пособие. – 2-е изд. – М.: ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2003. – 272

с . – C. 5-20.

2. Расторгуева Т.А. История английского языка: учебник /
Т.А. Растргуева. – 2-е изд., стер. – М.: Астрель: АСТ,

2007. – 275, [4] с.: ил. – На англ.яз. – С. 3-24.
3. Michael D.C. Drout. A History of the English Language

(Modern Scholar). – Wheaton College: Recorded Books
LLC, 2006. – P. 34-57.

4. Верба Л.Г. Історія англійської мови. Посібник для

студентів та викладачів вищих навчальних закладів. –
Вінниця: НОВА КНИГА, 2006. – C. 6-13.

Other Books of Interest

1. Barber С.L. The English language: A historical
introduction. – Cambridge; New York; Melbourne:

Cambridge university press, 2000. – 299 p.
2. Baugh A.C. A history of the English language. – 3 ed. –

London; New York, 1990. – 438 p.

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