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market incentives ринкове стимулювання

energy density щільність енергії
spent uranium відпрацьований уран
waste disposal solution рішення про ліквідацію відходів
dry cask сухотарна бочка
disclosure rules правила про нерозголошення
pilot plant пілотна станція
liquid-type reactor реактор рідкого типу
IPCC міжнародна група експертів про зміні
клімату

Exercise 2. Analyse the speech and its transaltion into Ukrainian. Comment on

a) the translation problems of lexical units;
b) the translation problems of grammatical structures;
c) pragmatic divergent and convergent features.

I'm going to talk today about energy and climate. And that might seem a bit surprising because my full-
time work at the Foundation is mostly about vaccines and seeds, about the things that we need to invent and
deliver to help the poorest two billion live better lives. But energy and climate are extremely important to these
people -- in fact, more important than to anyone else on the planet. The climate getting worse means that many
years, their crops won't grow: There will be too much rain, not enough rain, things will change in ways that their
fragile environment simply can't support. And that leads to starvation, it leads to uncertainty, it leads to unrest.
So, the climate changes will be terrible for them.
Also, the price of energy is very important to them. In fact, if you could pick just one thing to lower the
price of, to reduce poverty, by far you would pick energy. Now, the price of energy has come down over time.
Really advanced civilization is based on advances in energy. The coal revolution fueled the Industrial
Revolution, and, even in the 1900s we've seen a very rapid decline in the price of electricity, and that's why we
have refrigerators, air-conditioning, we can make modern materials and do so many things. And so, we're in a
wonderful situation with electricity in the rich world. But, as we make it cheaper -- and let's go for making it
twice as cheap -- we need to meet a new constraint, and that constraint has to do with CO2.
CO2 is warming the planet, and the equation on CO2 is actually a very straightforward one. If you sum
up the CO2 that gets emitted, that leads to a temperature increase, and that temperature increase leads to some
very negative effects: the effects on the weather; perhaps worse, the indirect effects, in that the natural
ecosystems can't adjust to these rapid changes, and so you get ecosystem collapses.
Now, the exact amount of how you map from a certain increase of CO2 to what temperature will be and
where the positive feedbacks are, there's some uncertainty there, but not very much. And there's certainly
uncertainty about how bad those effects will be, but they will be extremely bad. I asked the top scientists on this
several times: Do we really have to get down to near zero? Can't we just cut it in half or a quarter? And the
answer is that until we get near to zero, the temperature will continue to rise. And so that's a big challenge. It's
very different than saying "We're a twelve-foot-high truck trying to get under a ten-foot bridge, and we can just
sort of squeeze under." This is something that has to get to zero.
Now, we put out a lot of carbon dioxide every year, over 26 billion tons. For each American, it's about 20
tons; for people in poor countries, it's less than one ton. It's an average of about five tons for everyone on the

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