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are respectively 27.4% and 25.5%. Thus, 7bn tons of equivalent fuel (75% of possible
resources) is still in subsoil, including 5.8 bn tons of equivalent fuel classified as
undiscovered. Significant part of hydrocarbon resources (27%) is concentrated at depths of 5-
7 km.
Oil and gas production
Oil and gas reserves in Ukraine are located in the thick sediment in the Dnieper-
Donetsk, the Black Sea, the Transcarpathian and Carpathian basins, as well as in the folded
region of the Carpathians. It covers the territory of Carpathian and Transcarpathian regions.
The most perspective deposits are located in the territory of Ivano-Frankivs’k and L’viv
regions. The largest oil fields are Dolynsky, Borislav; gas fields – Dashavske, Kavske,
Rudkovske and Bytkiv-Babchinske. It is located in the eastern part of Ukraine, within the
borders of Chernihiv, Sumy, Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Donetsk and Luhansk
regions. The depth of oil occurrence is up to 4,500 m, gas - 5,000-5,800 m. On the whole,
there are 121 discovered fields (including 17 oil and 37 oil and gas fields). The largest fields
are: Gnedishchenske, Mlyakovske, Kachanovske, Rybalske. There are also 67 gas and
condensate fields (Shebelinske and Yefremovske).The field covers the territory of Mykolayiv,
Odesa, Kherson regions and the northern part of Crimea. There are 60 developed deposits of
oil and gas that are located on the shelves of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Major fields
are: Odesa and Bezymyanne (“unnamed”) deposits with 35 billion m3of natural gas and the
Subbotin oil field. Naftogaz of Ukraine and its subsidiaries extract more than 90% of total
volumes of gas and oil in Ukraine.

Task III. Comprehension check.
1) What is Naftogaz?
2) How many refineries are there in Ukraine?
3) What input capacity and output capacity does National gas transportation system have?
4) Why is it necessary to modernize Ukrainian refineries and transportation system?

Task IV. After reading the text write out 10 countable and uncountable nouns.

Task V. Make a short summary of the text.

Grammar focus
The Noun

Exercises
I. Pick out countable nouns from the list below and write them in plural.
porridge, daughter, salt, sugar, butter, milk, tea, cake, bacon, toast, marmalade, tea-pot, egg,
bread, soup, waitress, chop, beer, potato, pleasure, water, mustard, sausage, pepper, fruit,
knife, orange, discussion, watch.
Give examples with the remaining uncountable nouns.

II. Read and translate into Ukrainian. Decide whether these nouns are countable (C) or
uncountable (U).
1. The children are playing in the garden. 2. I don't like milk. 3. I prefer tea. 4. Scientists say
that the environment is threatened by pollution. 5. My mother uses butter to prepare cakes. 6.
There are a lot of windows in our classroom. 7. We need some glue to fix this vase. 8. The
waiters in this restaurant are very professional. 9. My father drinks two big glasses of water
every morning. 10. The bread my mother prepares is delicious.11. Drivers must be careful;

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