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6 refineries processed oil. Odesa and Kherson oil refineries stopped working due to
unprofitability of operating activity and reconstruction process respectively.Ukrainian GSFs
may reach 250 million m3 per day. However, Ukrainian GTS system requires modernization.
According to the MottMcDonald’s analysis Ukraine needs about USD 5 bn for this purpose.
The average processing depth of Ukrainian refineries was 76% in 2011 as compared to 90-
95% abroad. Due to this and because of increased oil prices and high volumes of imported oil,
operational activity of Ukrainian processing plants became less profitable and required
significant investments in modernization of fixed assets. In 2009 Ukraine signed with
European Union declaration according to which EU agreed to provide USD 2.5 bn credit for
GTS modernization, provided the reforming of the Naftogaz of Ukraine and its subsidiaries in
accordance with EU legislation will take place (mainly it applied to separation of mining,
transportation and trading activities). At the moment Ukraine actively forms legislative basis
for the future GTS modernization. International financial institutes such as World Bank,
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and European Investment Bank could
also provide financing for GTS modernization in Ukraine. But technically possible capacities
of operating refineries differ significantly from previous figures (if taking into account the
balance of the secondary processes).
Due to the lack of domestic oil there is reasonably high percent of imported petroleum
(mainly from Russia) in total amount of supplied oil to Ukrainian refineries. But this
percentage fell slowly during 2006-2011.
The major gas consumer in Ukraine is its population. It consumed 39% of gas in 2011.
There is a slight reduction in share of consumption comparing with 2006 when respective
stake of population was 44%. At the same time share of industrial consumption increased
from 29% in 2006 to 35% in 2011.Petroleum products consumption in Ukraine continued its
positive dynamics in 2011 and reached 10 m tons.
One of the main goals of the National Energy Strategy till 2030 for Ukraine is to
become less energy dependent. To achieve this Ukraine attempts to increase volumes of
domestic oil and gas extraction using its significant resource base.

Task III. Spell the numerals given below.
4,767 km , 51 pumping stations, input capacity of the pipe is about 114 m, 39.8 thsd km of
gas pipelines;74 compressor stations, 112 compressor units,703 gas pumping units, a total
capacity of 5,450 MW; 1,600 gas distribution stations;13 underground gas storage facilities.
Translate these word combinations.

Task IV.
a) Put five different questions (general, special, alternative, disjunctive and to the subject of
the sentence) to the following sentences.
Example
Ukrainian GTS system requires modernization.
1. What requires modernization? 2. Ukrainian GTS system requires modernization, does not
it? 3. Does Ukrainian GTS system require modernization? 4. Does Ukrainian GTS system
require modernization or restriction? 5. What does Ukrainian GTS system require?

1. The national system of oil pipelines consists of 19 pipelines that pass through 19 regions in
the north-eastern, central and western parts of Ukraine. 2 Six refineries in Ukraine that
process oil and produce petroleum products.3. Petroleum products consumption in Ukraine
continued its positive dynamics in 2011. 4. Ukrainian gas transportation system (GTS)
belongs to the world’s most powerful systems in terms of its transit capacity. 5. Ukrainian
GSFs (gas storage facilities) may reach 250 million m3 per day.

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