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Text 2

Task I. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following word combinations:
accurate level measurement, differential pressure level meters, radar, magnetostrictive and
magnetic float, installed through a nozzle, retrofitting new equipment to vessels, to fit the
instrument at the location required, attacked or coat the instrument causing it to fail in service,
a nuclear gauge, installed outside, vessel, without taking a shutdown, used in olefin
processing, oil being transported at numerous points along the pipeline, flow meters are
generally of vortex, ultrasonic varieties.

Task II. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian:

Instrumentation in petrochemical industries
Instrumentation in petrochemical industries basically consists of flow meters, pressure
transmitters, level sensors, temperature sensors, and analysis instruments.
The measurement of temperature is a vital part of instrumentation in petrochemical
industries and temperature indicators are often used.
Platinum Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD's) are often used for their excellent
temperature response. Thermocouples are used in locations that need a more durable sensor.
Thermocouples come in many types.
We use a Pressure to Current converter (P/I converter) in petrochemical industries to
measure the pressure developed by Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), crude oil, petrol, and
various other petroleum byproducts. In the petrochemical industries converter, the indicated
pressure can be a digital or an analog form. The main advantage is that it can be directly
shown on the control panel in the control room. This is true for temperature measurement
also.
Flow Meters
Because refined oil is volatile, it is important to know the quantity of oil being transported at
numerous points along the pipeline. This requirement also holds for natural gas. Flow meters
are generally of vortex, Positive Displacement (PD), Differential Pressure (DP), Coriolis, and
ultrasonic varieties.
Level Sensors
Petroleum and natural gas industries need very accurate level measurement. Besides
traditional technologies like differential pressure level meters, radar, magnetostrictive, and
magnetic float are also used extensively.
One of the problems with a significant number of technologies is that they are installed
through a nozzle and are exposed to products. This can create several problems, especially
when retrofitting new equipment to vessels that have already been stress relieved, as it may
not be possible to fit the instrument at the location required. Also, as the measuring element is
exposed to the contents within the vessel, it may either attacked or coat the instrument causing
it to fail in service. One of the most reliable methods for measuring level is using a Nuclear
gauge, as it is installed outside the vessel and doesn't normally require a nozzle for bulk level
measurement. The measuring element is installed outside the process and can be maintained
in normal operation without taking a shutdown. Shutdown is only required for an accurate
calibration.
Analysis Instruments
Industrial chromatographs are generally used in olefin processing in the petrochemical
industry. Continuous gas analyzers are also widely used.

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