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themselves especially well to certain applications and be of little or no value at all in other
applications. Therefore choosing the right method and technique is an important part of the
performance of NDT.

Task III. Comprehension check.
1. What use may NDT methods rely upon?
2. What is examined by applying NDT?
3. How can inside of a sample be examined with?
4. Why is it very important weld verification?
5. What purpose is NDT used for?
6. Where else is NDT used besides industry?
7. What is an important part of the performance of NDT?

Task IV. Using the text given above translate the words in brackets and learn them by heart.
Acoustic emission testing (AE or AT)
The (застосування) of acoustic emission to non-destructive testing of materials in the
ultrasonic regime, typically takes place between 100 kHz and 1 MHz. Unlike (традиційний)
ultrasonic testing, AE tools are designed for monitoring acoustic emissions produced within
the material during (невдача) or stress, rather than actively transmitting (хвилі), then
collecting them after they have travelled through the material. Part failure can be documented
during unattended (нагляд). The monitoring of the level of AE activity during multiple load
cycles forms the basis for many AE (безпека) inspection methods that allow the parts
undergoing (огляд) to remain in service.
The technique is used, for example, to study the formation of (тріщини) during the
welding process, as opposed to locating them after the (шов) has been formed with the more
familiar ultrasonic testing technique. In a material under active stress, such as some
components of an airplane during flight, (датчики) mounted in an area can detect the
formation of a crack at the moment it begins (розширення). A group of transducers can be
used to record signals, and then locate the (точний) area of their origin by measuring the time
for the sound to reach different transducers. The technique is also valuable for (знаходити)
cracks forming in pressure vessels and (нафтопровід) transporting liquids under high
pressures. Also, this technique is used for estimation of corrosion in reinforced concrete
structures.
In addition to non-destructive testing, (звуковий) emission monitoring has applications
in process (контроль). Applications where acoustic emission monitoring has successfully
been used include detecting anomalies in fluidized beds, and end points in (групувати)
granulation.

Task V. Make a short summary of the text.

Grammar focus
The Past Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect Tenses

Exercises
I. Open the brackets using the correct form in the Present Perfect or Past Simple.
1. She (to be) to all capital cities of Europe this year. 2. John (to travel) around Europe last
year. 3. You ever (to live) in a foreign country? 4. My friend knows a lot because he (to read)
a lot. 5. She (to go) home two days ago. 6. She is free now. She (to pass) her final exam. 7.
David (to start) school in 1990. 8. Look! Somebody (to break) my window. 9. I (to leave)
home early last night. 10. Is he still watching this program? – No, he just (to watch) it. 11. We

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