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UNIT 5

COORDINATE SYSTEM

I. READING AND LEARNING

Task 1. Read and memorize the following words and word-
combinations:

coordinate system – система координат;
longitude – довгота;

scale – ваги;
geodetic datum – геодезичні параметри;
reference system – система координат, система відліку;

origin – походження, вихідна точка;
dimension – розмір, величина;
orthogonal axis – ортогональні осі;

latitude – широта;
prime meridian – нульовий меридіан.

Task 2. Read and translate the text.

Text 1 Coordinate Systems

One of the basic needs of geodesy and other physical sciences is
to give reasonable descriptions for the positions of objects relative to
each other. Scientifically, this is done in a mathematical language, by

properly assigning numbers to each position in space. These numbers
are called coordinates and the system defined by this procedure is
referred to as a coordinate system.

A coordinate system is a set of numbers which identifies a
position in space.
A coordinate system is defined by three things: an origin, the

directions of the axes and a scale, which is usually but not always the
same for each axis.
There are many different coordinate systems, based on a variety
of geodetic datums, units, projections, and reference systems in use

today.
Depending on regions of coverage and applicability global
coordinate systems have their origin at the geo-centre (Centre of mass

of the Earth) whereas local coordinate systems have their origin
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