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Therefore using the name as an identifier for a person would not be
sufficient because there may be other persons with the same name.
However old cadastral systems use the name as an identifier and have
to deal with the problems arising from the ambiguities. The Austrian

system, for example, tries to reduce these problems by adding the year
of birth. Documents require an identifier, too. Cadaster only holds the
documents as evidence for rights or the transfer of rights and not the

rights themselves. The documents must be accessible and therefore
require identifiers.

VI. INDIVIDUAL WORK

Task 1. Read the text and write down all the necessary terms
needed in Cadaster.

Documents in cadaster

Changes in cadastral data require a representation. Documents
provide this representation because they exist in reality and are objects
describing cadastral data. A bill of sale, for example, shows the old

and the new owner and that reflects the change of ownerships. A
computer representation must store the contents of the document.
Typically cadastral documents contain two signatures (the owner

of land and the beneficiary). In some cases other people apart from the
owner of the land must agree to the document. The definition of a
boundary, for example, requires the agreement of the owners of the

neighboring land. Their signatures show their compliance with the
boundary resulting in the legal meaning of the boundary. The
computer representation must reflect these aspects and must contain

the signatures of these people, too.
The documents split into the following three categories:
• Legal changes: There are three types of legal changes:
– Transfer of rights: Sales or inheritances transfer the right of

ownership from one person to another.
– Establishment of rights: If the owner of a parcel transfers a part
of his right of ownership to another person (e.g. he allows that the

other person walks across the parcel), he establishes a new right (the
right of way in the example). This is a new right because it did not
exist as a separate right although the owner has it implicitly as a part
of the right of ownership.

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