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reamer below and a stabilizer above the square collar are used. For
           effective use the formation must be firm enough to provide support
           for the assembly.







































                           Figure 7.1 – Drill stem components


                               Drill pipe and tool joint

                An entire chapter could be devoted to this subject. Drill pipe,
           fitted with tool  joints,  is,  in a sense, an expendable  item and  as
           such contributes substantially to the cost of drilling a well. Both

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