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application of knowledge and principles from physics, chemistry, and biology. Geology
                  is a science that seeks to expand our knowledge of the natural world and our place in it.

                                                                                            TABLE 1.1
                                             Different Areas of Geologic Study

                             Archaeological Geology                       Ocean Sciences
                                 Biogeosciences                          Paleoclimatology
                              Engineering Geology                          Paleontology
                                Forensic Geology                            Petrology
                                  Geochemistry                          Planetary Geology
                                   Geophysics                              Seismology
                                 Geomorphology                         Sedimentary Geology
                               History of Geology                       Structural Geology
                                 Hydrogeology                               Tectonics
                                Medical Geology                            Volcanology
                                   Mineralogy

                         Task 4. Answer the following questions, using the vocabulary from Task 1.
                      1. What is the origin of the word “geology”?
                      2. What are traditional areas of geology?
                      3. Are there any other different areas of geologic study?
                      4. What does physical geology examine?
                      5. What is the aim of historical geology?
                      6. Why is it challenging to understand Earth?
                      7. How is geology perceived as a science?
                      8. Is geology based only on measurements and observations?
                      9. How does the development of computer stimulate the development of geology?
                      10. Geology is connected with other sciences, isn’t it?
                      11. How would you define the term geology?

                         Task 5. Complete the following sentences from the text in Task 3.
                      1.  The study of physical geology logically precedes…
                      2.  To understand Earth is challenging because…
                      3.  Sometimes the changes are…
                      4.  Sometimes scales of size and space must focus on…
                      5.  The development of sophisticated computer models allows for..
                      6.  Geology is a science that seeks…

                         Task 6. Find English equivalents for the following (see the text).
                         Вивчати  матеріали;  встановити  хронологічне  розташування  безлічі
                  фізичних  та  біологічних  змін;  осяжне  майбутнє;  мати  справи  з  рисами,  які  за
                  своїм  масштабом  є  континентальними  або  глобальними;  застосування  знань  і
                  принципів  з  фізики,  хімії  та  біології;  швидкі  та  різкі  зміни;  відбуваються
                  вулканічні виверження; відтворення багатьох складних систем нашої планети.

                         Task 7. Give a short summary of the text from Task 3.

                         Task  8.  Look  at  Figure  1.1.  Try  to  analyze  into  which  components  the
                  geologic  time  scale  divides  the  vast  4.6-billion-year  history  of  Earth.  In  which
                  epoch do we presently live? Is the Quaternary period a part of the Cenosoic era?
                  Mind that numbers on the time scale represent time in millions of years before the
                  present.  These  dates  were  added  long  after  the  time  scale  had  been  established

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