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application of knowledge and principles from physics, chemistry, and biology. Geology
is a science that seeks to expand our knowledge of the natural world and our place in it.

TABLE 1.1
Different Areas of Geologic Study

Archaeological Geology Ocean Sciences
Biogeosciences Paleoclimatology
Engineering Geology Paleontology
Forensic Geology Petrology
Geochemistry Planetary Geology
Geophysics Seismology
Geomorphology Sedimentary Geology
History of Geology Structural Geology
Hydrogeology Tectonics
Medical Geology Volcanology
Mineralogy

Task 4. Answer the following questions, using the vocabulary from Task 1.
1. What is the origin of the word “geology”?
2. What are traditional areas of geology?
3. Are there any other different areas of geologic study?
4. What does physical geology examine?
5. What is the aim of historical geology?
6. Why is it challenging to understand Earth?
7. How is geology perceived as a science?
8. Is geology based only on measurements and observations?
9. How does the development of computer stimulate the development of geology?
10. Geology is connected with other sciences, isn’t it?
11. How would you define the term geology?

Task 5. Complete the following sentences from the text in Task 3.
1. The study of physical geology logically precedes…
2. To understand Earth is challenging because…
3. Sometimes the changes are…
4. Sometimes scales of size and space must focus on…
5. The development of sophisticated computer models allows for..
6. Geology is a science that seeks…

Task 6. Find English equivalents for the following (see the text).
Вивчати матеріали; встановити хронологічне розташування безлічі
фізичних та біологічних змін; осяжне майбутнє; мати справи з рисами, які за
своїм масштабом є континентальними або глобальними; застосування знань і
принципів з фізики, хімії та біології; швидкі та різкі зміни; відбуваються
вулканічні виверження; відтворення багатьох складних систем нашої планети.

Task 7. Give a short summary of the text from Task 3.

Task 8. Look at Figure 1.1. Try to analyze into which components the
geologic time scale divides the vast 4.6-billion-year history of Earth. In which
epoch do we presently live? Is the Quaternary period a part of the Cenosoic era?
Mind that numbers on the time scale represent time in millions of years before the
present. These dates were added long after the time scale had been established

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