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UNIT 1
The Science of Geology

Task 1. Read and memorize the following words:
multitude – безліч, маса conduct – проводити
surface – поверхня deal with – мати справи з чимось або
кимось
compose – складати, створювати eruption – виверження
proceed – продовжувати, діяти, expand – розширювати, поширюватися
відбуватися
occur – траплятися insight – розуміння
establish – встановлювати perceive – сприймати, розрізняти
unravel – розплутувати, розгадувати point out – вказувати, виділяти,
зазначати
strive – прагнути provide – забезпечувати
pursue – переслідувати violent – різкий

Task 2. Transcribe the following words and word-combinations. Read
them, paying particular attention to the pronunciation of the letters and
combinations of the letters in bold.
Archaeological geology, paleoclimatology, paleontology, geochemistry,
geophysics, geomorphology, hydrogeology, volcanology, mineralogy.

Task 3. Read the following text, translate it into Ukrainian.

The subject of this text is geology, from the Greek geo, “Earth,” and logos,
“discourse.” It is the science that pursues an understanding of planet Earth. Geology is
traditionally divided into two broad areas—physical and historical. Physical geology
examines the materials composing Earth and seeks to understand the many processes
that operate beneath and upon its surface (TABLE 1.1). The aim of historical geology,
on the other hand, is to understand the origin of Earth and its development through time.
Thus, it strives to establish a chronological arrangement of the multitude of physical and
biological changes that have occurred in the geologic past. The study of physical
geology logically precedes the study of Earth history because we must first understand
how Earth works before we attempt to unravel its past. It should also be pointed out that
physical and historical geology are divided into many areas of specialization.
To understand Earth is challenging because our planet is a dynamic body with
many interacting parts and a complex history. Throughout its long existence, Earth has
been changing. In fact, it is changing as you read this text and will continue to do so
into the foreseeable future. Sometimes the changes are rapid and violent, as when
landslides or volcanic eruptions occur. Just as often, change takes place so slowly that it
goes unnoticed during a lifetime. Scales of size and space also vary greatly among the
phenomena that geologists study. Sometimes they must focus on phenomena that are
submicroscopic, and at other times they must deal with features that are continental or
global in scale.
Geology is perceived as a science that is done in the out of doors. A great deal of
geology is based on measurements, observations, and experiments conducted in the
field. But geology is also done in the laboratory where, for example, the study of
various Earth materials provides insights into many basic processes. Moreover, the
development of sophisticated computer models allows for the simulation of many of our
planet’s complex systems. Frequently, geology requires an understanding and

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