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the air stream escapes noise, produced by turbulence
that produces a through the in the air stream as it is forced

phonetic effect mouth. through the narrow gap etween

independent of the articulators; affricates:
voicing. They complex sounds which consist
can typically of two components which

occur in voiced correspond to two phases of

and voiceless articulation –an oral- stop phase
variants. followed with a short friction

phase. approximants: sounds in

the production of which one
articulator moves close to

another, though not so close as
to cause aturbulent as to

produce friction. r,w,j are
termed central approximants

because air passes through the

oral tract along the center of the
opening, 1 is called a lateral

approximant because air passes
out along the side/s of the

articulation. h is a glottal

approximant. In some
phonological systems

approximants are treated as
semi-consonants (1, r) or semi-

vowels (w,j)

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