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self – sacrifice for the sake of a state. The main aim of human existence
– is to increase the might of state, its prospering, ascetic and moral
subordination of every single person`s soul (microcosm) to the state

(macrocosm). In order to do it, according to Plato, three essence of a
human soul (avaricious, smart, affective) and their functioning should be
taken into consideration. On the basis of differences among social

groups of people, their role in a society can be traced, where the power
is concentrated in the hands of the most gifted people.
Aristotle (364 – 322 BC`) explained the study of human
psychology, its ability of perception in the treatise “About Soul”. The

philosopher defined intelligence as a special element of soul, which can
not be destroyed, and a human body, the substance of which is soul,
imparted with the ability of “fulfillment” (entelehia) By his studies of

human soul Aristotle paved the track for making the classification of
psychical phenomena and main gnoseological concepts.
Aristotle’s work “Ethics of Nikomahow”, which is also
recommended for individual studying, makes up a clear picture of the

antique philosopher`s ideas about social and moral qualities of a person,
about the ability of self – realization of every member of the society in
order to reach the common wealth as the principal aim. Distinguishing

human virtues he concentrates his attention on two of them: dianotical,
connected with the intellectual potential of a person and ethical, which
reflects the human character. Aristotle considered the principle of

energetic activities as an end in itself in the basis of forming human
virtues and welfare. Due to obtaining the ideal, that is the aim, a human
being organizes his life, approaches to deity, cognizes truth and

happiness.
Concepts of Plato and Aristotle represent a tradition that is
fundamentally important for philosophical science. They are considered
to be systematisers of philosophical teachings of the world. Plato, as an

objective idealist, admits the existence of isolated ideas, after which the
Demiurge-Creator creates and organizes out of the silly and chaotic
nature not only space, but every single thing in it. Aristotle, in his

doctrine, hesitates between materialism and idealism. He relies on the
sphere of sensual experience. However, designing the world of being,
out of the primary principles of theology (from the Greek - a goal, end
point), the global processes exist not due to their self-sufficiency but

because of the forces that are beyond space (Mind, God).

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