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LESSON 8. Architecture of computer systems…………………43
                 TEXT 1. Origin of the notion……………………………...43
                 TEXT 2. General structure of a computer system…………45
         LESSON 9. System requirements……………………………….48
                 TEXT 1. Hardware requirements…………………………..48
                 TEXT 2. Software requirements…………………………...50

         LESSON 10. Difference between hardware and firmware……53
                 TEXT 1. Computer hardware……………………………...53
                 TEXT 2. Firmware…………………………………………55

         LESSON 11. Circuits……………………………………………..58
                 TEXT 1. Circuit design…………………………………….58
                 TEXT 2. VLSI……………………………………………..60
                 TEXT 3. PCB………………………………………………62
         LESSON 12. Microprocessors and microcontrollers…………...64
                 TEXT 1. A microprocessor………………………………...64
                 TEXT 2. A microcontroller………………………………...66

         LESSON 13. Operating systems…………………………………68
                 TEXT 1. Types of operating systems………………………68
                 TEXT 2. Embedded systems………………………………70

         LESSON 14. Software design……………………………………73
                 TEXT 1. Design concepts………………………………….73
                 TEXT 2. Design consideration……………………………..75
         ADDITIONAL  TASKS  FOR  INDIVIDUAL  AND  GROUP
         WORK ……………………………………………………………77

         REFERENCES…………………………………………………...80





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