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Processor registers are also considered a part of primary
memory. They are located within the CPU itself and are used to
upload directives. Processor registers are the fastest means of data
storage; nevertheless, they are only capable of storing very small
amounts of data at any given time (32 or 64 bits).
Secondary Storage: Hard Disk and Flash Memory
The term "secondary storage" is used interchangeably with the
term "hard disk." Hard disks are not directly accessible by the CPU
and are capable of storing large amounts of non-volatile data
(meaning no power is necessary for storage). Data stored on the hard
disk is accessed through intermediaries like the processor cache.
Secondary storage is used for safely storing data offline. Data stored
in the hard disk is compartmentalized into files, directories and
drives. Data access with hard disks is much slower than with primary
storage; however, the storage/cost ratio is much higher.
Users wanting to transfer data or store it safely in multiple
places often opt for portable drives, many of which utilize flash
memory. These come in a variety of forms, including USB flash
drives, memory cards and MP3 players. Flash uses electrically
erasable programmable read-only memory, or EEPRM, and erases
and programs memory in large blocks, making writing and
overwriting data faster than other forms of secondary memory. Flash
memory is a less expensive version of EEPROM. These memory
types can be used in processors and memory chips. Read-only
memory is also called ROM and is commonly used for programming
and permanent storage applications. Programmable read-only
memory, or PROM, locks information in place and programmed
during manufacturing. EPROM, erasable programmable memory
requires ultraviolet light exposure to reset the memory cells but
EEPROM does not.

Task 3. Do you remember the English equivalents of the
following words and word combinations?

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