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 Airline crew (the most exposed population)
 Industrial radiography
 Medical radiology and nuclear medicine
 Uranium mining
 Nuclear power plant and nuclear fuel reprocessing plant workers
 Research laboratories (government, university and private)

3) Artificial radioactivity

On average, a person receives 15 μSv every year from artificial radioactivity.
We receive approximately 10 μSv from artificial radioactivity in soils and a further 5
μSv from artificial radioactivity in food. The origin of this radioactivity is nuclear
weapons testing in the 1950s and 1960s, the Chernobyl accident in 1986 and etc.

 Sources of ionizing radiation in the oil and gas industry

Sources of ionizing radiation in the oil and gas industry can be classified as
follows:
1) Flaw detection of cracks, cavities in tools and equipment;
2) Indicator methods to control the movement of fluid in the outside contour
layers;
3) Indicator methods to control the movement of cement during cementing
wells (the "tracer");
4) Geophysical survey boreholes (radiometric methods);
5) Indicator methods for identifying the nature of cracks in hydraulic
fracturing;
6) increased the radioactivity of rocks.

13. 4 Effect of I onizing R adiation on the H uman B ody.

Standardization of R adiation S afety

Biological effects
The biological effects of radiation are thought of in terms of their effects on living cells. For
low levels of radiation, the biological effects are so small they may not be detected in
epidemiological studies. The body repairs many types of radiation and chemical damage.
Biological effects of radiation on living cells may result in a variety of outcomes, including:
1. Cells experience DNA damage and are able to detect and repair the damage.
2. Cells experience DNA damage and are unable to repair the damage. These cells may
go through the process of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, thus eliminating the potential
genetic damage from the larger tissue.
3. Cells experience a nonlethal DNA mutation that is passed on to subsequent cell
divisions. This mutation may contribute to the formation of cancer.
4. Cells experience "irreparable DNA damage." Low-level ionizing radiation may
induce irreparable DNA damage leading to pre-mature aging and cancer.
Other observations at the tissue level are more complicated. These include:

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