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History. Ulster was part of Catholic Ireland until the reign of Elizabeth
I (1558–1603) when, after suppressing three Irish rebellions, the Crown
confiscated lands in Ireland and settled the Scots Presbyterians in Ulster.
Another rebellion in 1641–1651, brutally crushed by Oliver Cromwell,

resulted in the settlement of Anglican Englishmen in Ulster. Subsequent
political policy favoring Protestants and disadvantaging Catholics
encouraged further Protestant settlement in Northern Ireland.

Northern Ireland did not separate from the South until William
Gladstone presented, in 1886, his proposal for home rule in Ireland. The
Protestants in the North feared domination by the Catholic majority.
Industry, moreover, was concentrated in the North and dependent on the

British market. When World War I began, civil war threatened between the
regions. Northern Ireland, however, did not become a political entity until
the six counties accepted the Home Rule Bill of 1920. This set up a

semiautonomous parliament in Belfast and a Crown-appointed governor
advised by a cabinet of the prime minister and 8 ministers, as well as a 12-
member representation in the House of Commons in London.

Northern Ireland vs Republic of Ireland (Éire, Republic of Ireland,

Poblacht na hÉireann)

President Michael D. Higgins (2011)
Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda Kenny (2011)

Population (2011 est.) 4,722,028
Capital Dublin, 1.084 million (2011 est.)
Monetary unit Euro (formerly Irish pound [punt])

National name Éire /’ ərə/
Languages English, Irish (Gaelic) (both official)
Religions Roman Catholic 88%, Church of
Ireland 3%, other Christian 2%, none

4%
National Holiday Saint Patrick's Day, March 17

The island of Ireland is divided into two separate jurisdictions: the
Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
The Republic of Ireland was created in 1948 when the Irish Free State

(also known as Southern Ireland) became fully independent and severed
(роз'єднувати) all political ties with the United Kingdom. The capital city of

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