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proclaimed the restoration of the UPR. The declarations of the
Directory remained unfulfilled, as the real power in Ukraine belonged
to Petliura at that time.
During this period the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed and

in the West Ukrainian lands on November 9, 1918, the Western
Ukrainian People's Republic (ZUNR) was proclaimed. Its supreme
bodies were the Ukrainian People's Council and its executive body –

the State Secretariat.
On January 22, 1919, the unification of the ZUNR and the UPR
into the unified state was officially proclaimed. Formally, the ZUNR
turned into the western region of the UPR, but in fact it retained its

power structures and other attributes of statehood until April 22, 1920.
The ZUNR government conducted a long war with Poland,
which encroached on its land. In June 1919, the ZUNR state

leadership, along with the army, retreated to Zbruch. On April 22,
1922, in the west Ukrainian lands Poland finally established the
power.

In December 1920, the First All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets
proclaimed the Soviet power in Ukraine. For several decades Ukraine
existed within the USSR. During this period attempts were made

twice to create the Ukrainian state outside the Ukrainian SSR: in 1939
the Carpathian Ukraine was proclaimed on the territory of
Czechoslovakia, and in 1941 the Ukrainian United State – in the
Ukrainian lands, occupied by the Germans. During the Soviet

statehood in Ukraine, four constitutions were adopted – in 1919, 1929,
1937, and 1978 years.
On August 24, 1991, when the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine

(Supreme Council) adopted the Declaration of Independence, a new
state – Ukraine, appeared on the political map of the world.

1.5. The most important legal monuments of Ukraine in
IX-XX centuries.

The oldest legal monuments of Ukraine, which belong to the
state period, have not survived till our time. At that time the only
source of law was the customary law.

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