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akin to близький, споріднений
to systematize систематизувати, упорядковувати
the edict of the praetor указ претора
hereditary law спадкове право
legal procedure судочинство, судовий процес
family law сімейне право
law of obligation зобов’язальне право
prestige престиж
provide legal security надавати правовий захист

Task 2. Read and translate the text, write down all the unknown
words.
Roman Law History of Roman law
The earliest history of Roman law is lost forever. Rome existed
already as an Etruscan town in the eight century B.C. The first known
source of Roman law is the Laws of the Twelve Tables from the mid-fifth
century B.C., written in early Latin. After the period of the kings two
consuls and the Senate governed Rome. Only few people knew something
of the law before the Twelve Tables were erected to provide some legal
security. Members of well-to-do families, most of them patricians and
senators, gave juridical advice when asked for. The Senate itself proposed
laws or voted on proposals of the consuls. More is known about the period
of the Late Republic (200-30 B.C.). The praetor, one of the Roman
magistrates, published each year his edict in which he announced how he
would apply the laws. The censors had a legal task, too, the upholding of
mores. Legal experts started to write books. Rome had grown already
from a tiny city state into a vast reign.
During the Principate great jurists were active, who were sometimes
employed by the emperor. Famous among them were Ulpian, Papinian,
Paul and Julian. The mysterious Gaius wrote an introductory law book, the
Institutes, almost the only completely surviving manual. The letters of
governor Pliny show some of the legal questions he posed to the emperor.
The praetorial edict became fixed. Emperor Theodosian tried to impose
some legal order with his code of law. During the confusing times of the
Late Imperium Justinian (early sixth century) tried to unify law by
codification on all levels. Imperial decrees were collected and edited into a
new Code, followed by later decrees, the Novellae. Justinian also charged

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