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Figure  4.2  is  a  picture  of  a  major  oil  blowout  at  the
           Spindletop field near Beaumont, Texas in 1901. This field went on
           to become one of the greatest oil producers in U.S. history.




































            Note: The Spindletop Blowout in Texas spewed 50,000 barrels per day for 9
           days in 1901 before the well could be controlled. Oil drillers were ill prepared
            to deal with the pressure in this reservoir as no blowout of this magnitude had
                                ever before been witnessed.

                                    Figure 4.2 -Blowout

                  In  today's  drilling  industry,  blowouts  are  very  rare.  The
           entire  technology  of  today’s  drilling  industry  is  focused  on  the
           ideal  of  drilling  safely  and  economically  into  the  pressurized
           underground  formations, without allowing any uncontrolled  flow
           of  fluids out of the well. The  well  is allowed to  flow through a




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