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What part of speech (verb, noun, adjective, adverb, etc.) is each word you have
formed? What part of speech is the original word?
13. Read the text. Fill in gaps 1-8 with a suitable word formed from the prompts in the
brackets.
Recognising cultural images and symbols
When we live in a particular country, we automatically become exposed and 1 …
(custom) to a range of images and symbols embedded in songs and pictures, places, and
traditions. These images and symbols include 2 … (fame) people in the culture, and
architectural and landscape features. The 3 … (able) of students to recognize these images
helps them to feel more 4 … (confide) and to become more fluent.
The aim of the activities in this section is to 5 … (familiar) students with popular
images and symbols in the target culture. A secondary aim is to help students to 6 …
(identity) and compare the images and symbols in British and American culture, and then to
contrast these with the images and symbols in their own.
Some activities focus on places and people associated with the culture, some allow the
learner to 7 … (explorer) the cultural 8 … (refer) in popular songs.
14. Read the following text and then fill in the table.
At university you do not only learn different subjects but social behavior as well.
Along with your family, universities teach society’s values, norms and roles.
Think about your own university. In the left column below, list values that you think
your university teaches you both directly and indirectly. (Values are beliefs about what is
important and good. For example, freedom, hard work, obedience, independence...)
In the middle column, list the norms of behavior at your university. (Norms are rules that
govern behaviour. For example, a formal list of rules about appropriate and expected
behaviour in classroom.)
In the right column, list the roles found at your university. (Roles are behaviours expected
of persons who occupy particular positions. For example, teachers, students, coach,
principal, nurses, chef...)
VALUES NORMS ROLES

UNIT 11
FRIENDS AND FRIENDSHIP
1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.
Everyone needs a friend. Some people want to have a lot of friends, others need one,
or two close ones. Sometimes you choose friends, sometimes other people choose you as
their friend. Some of us make friends easily, but there are people who are shy, and it is very
difficult for them to make friends. Having friends of your own age is important. These
friends tend to look at things the same way you do because they have the same fears,
interests, options, problems and worries that you do. Your friends can listen and understand
how you feel whether you are dealing with a problem at university or at home. Your friends
are there when you are feeling down, when you are eager of sharing a happy experience.
WHAT IS A FRIEND?
Have you ever asked yourself this question? Well, if not, it’s OK. Let’s try it now. As
a matter of fact, it is not an easy question to answer. The word friend is hard to define.
Maybe because this word means different things for different people. Do you agree? Let’s
try to describe a friend by saying what he or she does or does not do. Below are some brief
descriptions of a friend.
A friend is someone who accepts you. A friend is someone who needs you. A friend is
someone who can count on you even in bad times. A friend is someone you can feel close to
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