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Figure 11.7. Using a carpenter level

Ranging poles (see Figure 11.8.) are used to mark areas and to set
out straight lines on the field. They are also used to mark points which
must be seen from a distance, in which case a flag may be attached to
improve the visibility. Ranging poles

are straight round stalks, 3 to 4 cm
thick and about 2 m long. They are
made of wood or metal. Ranging

poles can also be home made from
strong straight bamboo or tree
branches. REMEMBER: Ranging
poles may never be curved. Ranging

poles are usually painted with
alternate red-white or black-white
bands. If possible, wooden ranging

poles are reinforced at the bottom
end by metal points.
Pegs (see Figure 11.9.) are used
when certain points on the field

require more permanent marking.
Pegs are generally made of wood;

sometimes pieces of tree-branches,
properly sharpened, are good
enough. The size of the pegs (40 to

60 cm) depends on the type of
survey work they are used for and
Figure 11.8. Ranging poles
the type of soil they have to be

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