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4. A steel tape is a tripod-mounted bar having the target precisely
2m apart.
5. The usage of tapes for measuring distances isn’t subjected to
the influence of topographic conditons along the survey lines.

6. Pacing may be used for very rough reconnaissance surveys.
7. Electronic distance meausrements provide inter-point distances
over any distance without the need for intervisibility.

EDMI

Task 1. Read and memorize the following words and word-
combinations:

wave length – довжина хвилі;
tellurometer – телурометр, радіовіддалемір;
slope distance – відстань по схилу;

total station – тахеометр;
plotter – картоскладальний прилад, графопобудовувач;
tripod – штатив, тринога;
theodolite – теодоліт;

modulate velocity – регульована швидкість;
amplitude – амплітуда;

prism reflector – призмовий відбивач;
propagation – поширення, розповсюдження.

Task 2. Read and translate the text.

Text 2. EDMI

Electronic distance measurement instruments (EDMI) determine
lengths using phase changes that occur as electromagnetic energy of
known wavelength travels from one end of a line to the other end and
returns.

Modern EDMI display distances in a digital form, and many have
microcomputers which calculate horizontal (DX & DY) and vertical
components (DH) of measured slope distances.

EDMIs are now being incorporated with theodolites having
automatic angle readout capabilities to create, so called total stations
(electronic tacheometers). These systems are also called field-to-finish

systems. They can simultaneously and automatically measure both
distances and angles. They record field notes electronically and
transmit them to computers, plotters and other office equipment for

processing.
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