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examples stood over thoroughfares - the earliest being the two arches set
up by L.Stertinius in Rome (196 BCE) - but later examples were often pro-
tected by steps. Topped by a bronze four-horse chariot, they became im-
posing stone monuments to Roman vanity. The Arch of Constantine (c.

315 CE) in Rome is the largest surviving example and is perhaps the last
great monument of Imperial Rome.

II. Divide the text into five logical parts. Give the title to each part.

III. Write out all architectural terms in the text and find their

definitions in English.

ІV. Read the following definitions and find the words they stand

for in the text.
1. A round or oval building, typically unroofed, with a central space
for the presentation of dramatic or sporting events.
2. The principal front of a building, that faces on to a street or open

space.
3. A structure that is curved at the top and is supported on either side
by a pillar, post, or wall.

4. White or light-coloured calcareous rock deposited from mineral
springs, used in building.
5. An artificial channel for conveying water, typically in the form of a
bridge supported by tall columns across a valley.

6. A lower part parallel to the nave, choir, or transept, from which it is
divided by pillars.
7. A long room or passage, typically one that is partly open at the side

to form a portico or colonnade.
8. A painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or
ceiling, so that the colors penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries.
9. Fine plaster used for coating wall surfaces or molding into architec-

tural decorations.
10. A rigid structure that surrounds something such as a picture, door,
or windowpane.

V. Find out if the following statements are true or false:

1. Temples were usually oval but could take other forms.

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