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Task 2. Build up 5 types of questions to the given sentences paying special
attention to the underlined participles. Translate the given sentences into
Ukrainian.
1. When gravity eventually overcomes the initial upward thrust provided by the
escaping gases, the ejecta begin to fall, sending massive amounts of incandescent
blocks, ash, and pumice cascading downslope.
2. Pyroclastic flows are a mixture of hot gases and pyroclastic materials moving
along the ground, driven primarily by gravity.
3. By reconciling historical records with detailed scientific studies of the region,
volcanologists have pieced together the chronology of the destruction of Pompeii.

INDIVIDUAL READING

Task 1. Read the following text, translate it into Ukrainian (in written
form).
Common Metamorphic Rocks
Foliated Rocks
SLATE. Slate is a very fine-grained (less than 0.5 mm) foliated rock composed
of minute mica flakes that are too small to be visible. Thus, slate generally appears dull
and closely resembles shale. A noteworthy characteristic of slate is its excellent rock
cleavage, or tendency to break into flat slabs.
PHYLLITE. Phyllite represents a gradation in the degree of metamorphism
between slate and schist. Its constituent platy minerals are larger than those in slate but
not yet large enough to be readily identifiable with the unaided eye. Although phyllite
appears similar to slate, it can be easily distinguished from slate by its glossy sheen and
its sometimes wavy surface.
SCHIST. Schists are medium to coarse-grained metamorphic rocks in which
platy minerals predominate. These flat components commonly include the micas
(muscovite and biotite), which display a planar alignment that gives the rock its foliated
texture.
GNEISS. Gneiss is the term applied to medium- to coarse-grained banded
metamorphic rocks in which granular and elongated (as opposed to platy) minerals
predominate. The most common minerals in gneiss are quartz, potassium feldspar, and
sodium-rich plagioclase feldspar. Most gneisses also contain lesser amounts of biotite,
muscovite, and amphibole that develop a preferred orientation.
Nonfoliated Rocks
MARBLE. Marble is a coarse, crystalline metamorphic rock whose parent was
limestone or dolostone. Pure marble is white and composed essentially of the mineral
calcite. Because of its relative softness (hardness of 3), marble is easy to cut and shape.
QUARTZITE. Quartzite is a very hard metamorphic rock formed from quartz
sandstone. Under moderate to high-grade metamorphism, the quartz grains in sandstone
fuse together. Pure quartzite is white, but iron oxide may produce reddish or pinkish
stains, while dark mineral grains may impart a grey colour.

Task 2. Transcribe the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
Slate, phyllite, schist, muscovite, biotite, gneiss, dolostone, quartz, potassium
feldspar, plagioclase feldspar, amphibole, marble, calcite, quartzite

Task 4. Build up a glossary to the most important terms used in the text.

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